Can one fast voluntary fasts (e.g. ashura) before completing the mandatory Ramadan fasts that he/she missed?
The question stems from whether or not the makeup of fasting Ramadan is due immediately, or can be done anytime until the following Ramadan.
In the mainstream opinion of our mathhab and some of the shafii matthab, it is not permissible for a person to perform a supereragotary worship when there's an obligatory worship due at once. Since the makeup of Ramadan days in our mathhab is due at once, therefore voluntary fasts aren't valid nor permissible in our matthab, and aren't permissible in the shafii matthab.
However, the majority of the scholars in the Hanafi and Maliki mathaahib are upon the opinion that Ramadan makeups can be made up anytime before the following Ramadan, for the Hadeeth that Aisha (R) saying about herself that she would only get time to makeup Ramadan in the following Shabaan, and it's impossible that she would neglect the supereragotary fasts, which would imply that they can be fasted before doing all the makeups. And therefore it is okay if you follow that opinion.
Please note that it is, nonetheless, always. always. always. better for you to follow the opinion which makes you free from liability in all four mathaahib. In this case: fasting Ramadan first then the voluntary fasts.
In the mainstream opinion of our mathhab and some of the shafii matthab, it is not permissible for a person to perform a supereragotary worship when there's an obligatory worship due at once. Since the makeup of Ramadan days in our mathhab is due at once, therefore voluntary fasts aren't valid nor permissible in our matthab, and aren't permissible in the shafii matthab.
However, the majority of the scholars in the Hanafi and Maliki mathaahib are upon the opinion that Ramadan makeups can be made up anytime before the following Ramadan, for the Hadeeth that Aisha (R) saying about herself that she would only get time to makeup Ramadan in the following Shabaan, and it's impossible that she would neglect the supereragotary fasts, which would imply that they can be fasted before doing all the makeups. And therefore it is okay if you follow that opinion.
Please note that it is, nonetheless, always. always. always. better for you to follow the opinion which makes you free from liability in all four mathaahib. In this case: fasting Ramadan first then the voluntary fasts.
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Samir Gouda
